Aiming at the optimal allocation problem of attribute weights in Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) classifier, an introspective learning-based iterative adjustment approach for the attribute weights was proposed. The attribute weights could be adjusted according to the classification result of the training case by CBR classifier. Based on the success-driven weight learning strategy, if the current training case was classified successfully, the weights of matched attributes would be increased and the weights of mismatched attributes would be decreased according to weight adjustment formulas, then all of the weights would be normalized as the new weights of the current iteration. The experimental results show that the accuracy on UCI dataset PD, Heart and WDBC of CBR classifier with the proposed method are respectively 1.72%, 4.44% and 1.05% higher than the traditional CBR classifier. This illustrates that success-driven introspective learning method for the weights adjustment can improve the rationality of weight allocation, and then improve the accuracy of CBR classifier.